Aim/Purpose: It appears that humans can become mal-informed and often consciously or subconsciously resist revising their mal-informed perspectives.

Background: We need to apply behavioral and/or cognitive psychological approaches rather than traditional “educational” approaches.

Methodology: Literature review

Contribution: Suggests revising research focus to affective rather than cognitive solutions.

Findings: Teaching critical thinking helps but is not enough.

Impact on Society : Many important societal decisions may be made emotionally rather than rationally.

Future Research: Research affective as well as cognitive factors in decision-making